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VPN, there is not overnight, from IPSec to SSL, VPN through a lot of technology evolution. However, the nature of any security technology is applied. The VPN and enterprise business integration, and promote enterprise border security, while business development to the edge of the external supply chain integration, which will promote the evolution of a new round of VPN technology.

Power I: Trusted VPN

VPN's original intention was to provide a secure channel, so that remote users can access the private network. But in the current computing environment, for trying to access the corporate network can be managed or unmanaged devices, network administrators could not access network in its pre-knowledge of their origin. In particular, the increase in the mobile VPN users, the network office workers and road warriors through the IPSec VPN client software access to the potential safety problems within the network attention.

If the user can access a host within the network through the VPN, but the host itself is unsafe, who have been infected or otherwise insecure network connection (split tunnel), etc., within the network will bring a serious threat. Moreover, the attacker can use the VPN encryption technology through the firewall, the firewall on their behavior to avoid detection and control.

In addition, most of the existing intranet or internal network security behavior control, only to consider the conduct of internal LAN security, that is, the host of the LAN access to conduct surveillance and control, not related to large-scale cross-boundary business the whole network security.

In fact, Juniper's security experts said that as the VPN can be established on a public computer, so the company network may be additional risks that the particular SSL VPN performance significantly. In addition, the public computer may not support two or more authentication methods, because they do not own a smart card reader, or directly by the disabled USB port.

In this case, a private network based on the credibility of VPN TPN (Trusted Private Network) began to appear. Anda through the security experts Kang-ho said in an interview, the current TPN technology integrated security and communications gateway endpoint security technology, while leveraging the unified management of global deployed, in order to achieve comprehensive, multi-level security.

It is reported that in the TPN system, any host access network must be verified through user authentication and host authentication mechanisms mandatory. Only one host is classified as a trusted host before they can access the system resources. Basically means that the host trusted by the management of risk. This state of the managed host is responsible for configuration for IT administrators and users. If a trusted host mismanagement, is likely to be the weakness of the whole solution.

When the host is considered a trusted host, other trusted host can reasonably be assumed that the host will not initiate malicious actions. For example, a trusted host should not expect the implementation of other trusted hosts they attack the virus, because all the trusted hosts requires the use of some of the mechanisms used to mitigate the virus threat (such as anti-virus software).

Kanghao Jiang stressed that such a trusted state is not static, it is only a transitional state, with corporate security standards will change and change, and to continue to meet those standards. As new threats and new defenses will continue to emerge, so the organization management system must constantly check the trusted host, to keep in line with the standards. In addition, when needed, these systems must be able to publish updates or configuration changes to help maintain a trusted state. Continued compliance with all safety requirements may be considered a trusted host host.

According to reports, the credibility of private network through the compulsory certification system for TPN host and user, use the “user roles —- —- resources” licensing mechanism, to achieve “internal network threat” and “border threat,” “host threat “and” access threat “of the system. It is reported that role is the system of communication between users and service hub, to avoid the use of roles between users and services directly related to relationship, reducing the amount of configuration tasks, and strategies to improve the maintainability of the system. A user can be assigned to multiple roles, each role contains more than one user. For each service can access the service can be set to a variety of roles.

When enterprise users access the network TPN system protection, the first must be “compulsory identity” (or client can use Web-way authentication system log TPN), in the authentication passed, TPN security gateway, in accordance with the user resource access rights and the login authentication when the PC-user features (IP / port), dynamic security gateway in the formation of TPN “Meta Group + time” dynamic access control policy. Dynamic access control policy of the short-term effects, when there is no activity after a period of time users, the policy shall become invalid, need to re-enforce authentication, security gateway again in the TPN for the user to create dynamic access control policy.

Not difficult to see why that TPN system can be more secure VPN, because it is through VPN access for mobile users and remote local area network such as the local user access control. For example, when the VPN user and the headquarters of the TPN security gateway to establish encrypted tunnels, the headquarters of the TPN secure remote access gateway to the host on the safety assessment: If you find that there is a threat or does not meet the host access to the security headquarters level (if not patched, etc.), the host is not allowed access to the headquarters. This is the so-called “VPN access control” technology.

At present, the enterprise through the application of this technology, you can ensure that the external network threats (such as Trojans, viruses, attacks, etc.) are not brought into the internal network through the VPN users to avoid hackers to “springboard” attack. And network administrators to manage local LAN as the same as a unified whole VPN network security policy management, and for the whole network, not just the local LAN network-wide behavior management.

In addition, the enterprise network against the threat of protection, TPN inherited the traditional behavior management within the network, gateway anti-virus, anti-spam technology. At the same time, TPN will use these technologies to the enterprise network, not just limited to the LAN. Therefore, whether local or VPN access to LAN users access to the user, TPN system uses “mandatory identity” authentication mechanism, there is no authenticated user can not access any internal / external network resources.

In view of this emerging technology, Xinhua Life Insurance Group's IT manager said, for large Qi Ye, Ke Yi Tongguojiezhu VPN TPN system control, including can Zhi Yun Xu legitimate, trusted endpoint devices, such as Ye Wu network of PC, ????? agents The PDA access network, while other devices are not allowed access. The new system “TPN Gateway” and “TPN client” form a defensive system linkage, to avoid relying on a single gateway defense system or the formation of a single client functionality defense system bottlenecks to enterprise IT departments to reduce the pressure.

In fact, Digital China Networks Jinghui, senior product manager explained that the focus on border security and distribution of safety is ambiguous, as insurance companies, as agents of the company's information security and information security as important, but this is controllable VPN charm.

Power 2: SSL VPN's two major breakthroughs

SSL VPN in, there were two major breakthroughs this year. First, the United States last year, Microsoft announced the acquisition of security in the VPN and remote access products with leading-edge companies specialized vendors Whale, Microsoft Windows Vista systems this year on launching a new VPN protocol —- Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol SSTP (Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol).

It is reported that the new SSTP agreement to SSL-based, it will appear in the upcoming Windows Longhron Server Beta3, and in Windows Vista SP1. Microsoft's security experts said, SSTP will be used to replace PPTP and L2TP protocols, to increase the flexibility of VPN access.

In fact, many business users using PPTP and L2TP protocol for VPN connections when the VPN connection will come across the situation does not work very often because of a firewall or NAT router does not open PPTP GRE or L2TP ESP port. For users, the VPN connection that experience certainly is not good. Business users want is the same VPN connection as easy to use IE to connect, and SSTP is to solve this problem occurs.

According to Microsoft engineer, a firewall or NAT in order to avoid the impact of the VPN connection, SSTP through HTTPS (SSL) to establish VPN tunnels, most of the firewall to allow the direction of the SSL access pass. But the SSTP does not support the site to site VPN, only suitable site in the remote access client to connect.

In addition, as a supporter of SSTP agreement, Jinghui for the reporter describes a standard SSTP agreement, the seven steps for VPN connections:

First, the client and server through the Internet to establish TCP connection, the connection is carried out through TCP port 443. Assumes that the client's IP address is 100.100.100.1, the server's IP address is 200.200.200.1.

Second, when the TCP session from the beginning, will be SSL negotiation. Consultation process through SSL, the client will obtain and verify server certificate (if the validation fails, the connection will be terminated). In this process, the server does not verify the identity of the client.

Third, the client will encrypt the SSL session to send HTTPS requests to the server.

Fourth, the HTTPS session, SSTP agreement will commence operation, the client sends SSTP control packet, the client and server, open the SSTP state machine, and then establish links and communication in the PPP layer.

Fifth, the PPP session (this session is established in the SSTP over HTTPS above) will be the initial PPP authentication, authentication method depends on the authentication algorithm, in general, then the server will verify the identity of the client, the client on the server authentication is optional.

Sixth, PPP authentication end, SSTP will be the client and server communicate through the VPN connection interface, the interface will use the “Internal IP”, such as the client is 192.168.1.2, the server is 192.168.1.1. This IP address is configured on the RRAS server, used to access the company's internal network.

Seventh, the client and server communicate through the VPN SSTP to send packets. Suppose that a client (192.168.1.2) to send a packet to the server (192.168.1.1), then SSTP will be submitted to this data packet to the SSL layer encryption, and SSL layer to add a new header Department (the source address of 100.100. 100.1, the destination address is 200.200.200.1), through the Internet connection interface, the packet sent to the server.

In fact, in many ways, SSTP and other VPN protocols, as will be through the server RRAS (Routing and Remote Access Service) configuration. Currently, SSTP communications default TCP 443 port. SSTP in IPv6 on the channel will also be supported.

According to Microsoft, Vista and Longhorn have been installed in the system, IPv6, and enabled by default. The multi-factor authentication, such as smart cards or SecurID tokens, and also as RRAS remote access strategy, was supported. The link Administration Kit (CMAK) that the SSTP VPN connection can create different profiles.

The Jinghui's view, SSTP protocol integrated support for NAP, but also support IPv6. In addition, SSTP using a single channel of the HTTPS connection, compared to traditional multi-channel implementation, better network utilization and better load balancing performance. But he also believes that the current SSTP is not a standard, the future is certain to travel.

Another major breakthrough in SSL VPN is the scene for a “point” (Site2Site) era. Point to SSL-based VPN technology first appeared in this year's RSA Conference. It should be said, new technologies break the long-IPSec can be achieved only through secure access between the two points the only way for enterprises to provide users with a more flexible and secure access point mode, to ensure that the “extension will be applied to network “possibilities.

Array Networks CTO, Dr. Xu Naiding said in an interview, the traditional point to point VPN IPSec VPN has been the only choice, but this method can not meet current business needs a business environment that is, how —- to two different networks and IP addresses based on the rules of enterprises open up a tunnel between two points and how to implement role-based security and application-specific access control, IPSec VPN can not be achieved has been a shortcoming.

In contrast, the new peer SSL VPN technology, user, host, any two or more networks between sites to establish an independent two-way encrypted channel, and enterprise network management is not worried about security issues within the network. At the same time, network administrators can achieve in one location access to the global user security settings and control, eliminating the need for the same user-defined number of access control policies, but also can no longer consider core switches, SSL VPN devices and access into the floor switch on the set and maintain the access control list (ACL). No doubt, this technology has greatly improved the efficiency of management, the management cost savings.

Power of three: do integration with ERP

Both within the network or remote, VPN technology has applications for business, but it causes the VPN and ERP system integration.

According to press the investigation, VPN integration trend early as three years ago has begun, but the technology and deployment conditions were not perfect. From the current trends, VPN and ERP integration has been in many large enterprises and government agencies to achieve, even on this basis, there is also the integration of VPN with the router signs.

Deeply convinced of the security product manager Wu Di proposal, corporate IT staff should be concerned about VPN integration with the ERP process. As this has been, ERP are enterprises solve business expansion and branch number of tools, including the channel, partners, remote or mobile office all ???, belonged to ERP management paradigm (or is the business part of the system). The core of ERP and enterprise business integration, and an advanced VPN system, the same with business integration, thus inevitably led to a new of “integration” of the technological revolution.

From the technical analysis, ERP remote management module integrated with the VPN, you can achieve the remote access based on business. According to Wang Jinghui description, whether it is B / S mode, or C / S model system, can use SSL VPN or IPSec VPN integration. Note however that in the C / S mode, the client and the server does not use TCP / IP protocol, the link bandwidth is usually in the 100K-500Kbps range, C / S architecture is often developed from the point of fact, if the LAN not for optimization, bandwidth may be as large as 3-5Mbps. Therefore, in this case, the VPN throughput requirements are high.

In addition, support for enterprise applications, the Jinghui that IPSec and SSL support on ERP is different, and sometimes quite different. First, when users try a restaurant or similar location to establish VPN connection ERP system, a problem often encountered is some network or firewall administrators shut down the ports used by VPN protocol. However, most networks will allow for secure HTTPS communications, so this case is still under SSL VPN to work properly, while the other VPN protocols can not do anything. On the other hand, he also emphasized that the use of SSL VPN, nature will not be able to gain access to other traditional VPN technologies available to the appropriate access level permissions.

In addition, based on experience, IPSec in the IP layer to encrypt data, it can end the transmission of data between sites to protect all, regardless of the type of business applications. In other words, whether corporate or branch offices and down the supply chain can use IPSec between the different local area network and remote client and the central node to establish a secure transmission between the channels, support for traditional ERP wider.

Should be emphasized that, as in the ERP environment, user data is encrypted Internet transmission is still in the public, so encryption is very important, it directly affects the security of user data. The IPSec is made in this regard a technology better.

In contrast, SSL is application layer protocol, its main advantages lie in VPN client deployment and management, the basic need to install client. The benefit of this is that if the company carried out based on B / S structure of the ERP application, the user can use the browser to complete the establishment of SSL-VPN.

However, this model also has limitations. Because the Web page for non-business access, SSL is often applied to the help of conversion. In particular, some SSL VPN products can support the application of converter and the number of agents is very small, and some even basic file server, FTP and Microsoft do not support the application of conversion. The characteristics of the decision to carry out SSL VPN-based ERP applications and can not form a local area network applications on the LAN, so in the enterprise integration of upstream and downstream supply chain, there are challenges.

In the ERP and the deployment of the VPN, Jiangsu Provincial Food Bureau of the application of the most representative. Leadership council, said in an interview, the Grain Bureau had set up in ERP systems, when discovered, due to their own under the jurisdiction of grain storage scattered throughout the province, the collection of information is relatively cumbersome. And based on information security, the initial idea was to ERP Data Collection and VPN combination. It is reported that IT executives said the Grain Bureau, Jiangsu Provincial Food Bureau has jurisdiction over dozens of local grain depots and sub-cities, IPSec VPN network using a unified, successful ERP central office with the safety of docking and data acquisition.

In this regard, Jinghui said that many companies want to leverage the security services to enhance efficiency and competitiveness. Similar to the grain bureau that have “fragmented, high-security business,” features the company should use VPN technologies to build a protective —- —- Jiance response system that can cover the internal business systems and even the late Intranet security.

????:

Juniper Networks Inc.

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—- FreeBSD is the University of California, Berkeley Unix operating system developed as a class, it is built for the i386 level
Bed Design UCBerkeley 4.4 BSD based. FreeBSD user groups including corporate, ISP, researchers, computer
Experts, students and home users, the key areas for education and entertainment. The reason is called FreeBSD FreeBSD, is because:

—- 1. Even if they are used in commercial purposes, also free of charge.

—- 2. Operating system source code available free of charge to all, not just the core source code, the minimum
Restrictions on it merely distribute needles.

—- 3. Any person can to improve it and bug correction. Its name in the “free” word has two meanings:

—- (1) can use without compensation.

—- (2) In addition to 12 are not allowed to do, the user can do it according to their needs any love to do.

—- Users can http://www.freebsd.org/ or mirror site for download the latest version of FreeBSD or recent clear
In addition to the wrong version; can get from some companies. And now the popular operating system compared to other free, FreeBSD
The biggest advantages are: high efficiency of the system, the multi-tasking, the increase coming after the little one or two tasks
Affect its overall processing speed. While FreeBSD does not like Linux then it flows OK. But at least, she was its enthusiasts as the “University
Princess. “

—- I as a teacher, teaching the program will be set up under the new curriculum “Unix System Selected”, the laboratory can only
Provide a physical layer standard Ethernet 10 Base-2 of a LEO 486 system and PC. The system has a document services device
Taiwan, 250 users running NetWare 3.12, a computer equipped with hard drives, floppy drive management with machines and 64 students diskless workstation.
All machines are 80x86 series or compatible chip CPU, install NE2000 compatible network card (the port numbers are located 300, interrupt
Number are set to 3). On the experimental systems was proposed and I are interested can contact (the article about the program has
Published in a IT media), here only that the experimental system used by FreeBSD 2.2.5 as the host operating system, the system
Gongzuo O'clock students diskless terminal Tong Guo Gong Zuozhan simulation cable and network card, use the host Telnet Xie Yi, Qing Qiu host of
Services. Since I use FreeBSD 2.2.5 FreeBSD CD in the configuration of the core at the same time build up to allow only Telnet 16
Connection, but I at least 40 consecutive Telnet services for students, so need to re-customize the core, increasing core also supports
The Telnet connection number.

—- For the re-customize the core, the FreeBSD boot is complete, in order to account root (or other users uid 0 account) from the control
After successful registration, the system sets to the following:

—- 1. To / usr/src/sys/i386/conf converted to the current directory

—- To achieve this operation, you can type the following command:

—- # Cd / usr/src/sys/i386/conf

—- “#” For the system echo the user's prompt, the same below.

—- 2. To prepare the work of the core configuration file copy

—- In this directory stores the core configuration file named GENERIC, use it to customize the new core. To maintain the documents
In order to configure the system later as a reference, the core can be customized to use the new copy of their work. Leave the work will make use of copy
Tony's name zzy, the file zzy cp command can be:

—- # Cp GENERIC zzy

—- At this point the current directory with the following command to see the contents:

—- # Ls-l

—- Echo information on a command as follows (including documents zzy information):

total 83
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 10 00:15 CVS
-Rw-r - r - 1 root wheel 5843 Oct 18 1997 GENERIC
-Rw-r - r - 1 root wheel 43363 Oct 18 1997 LINT
-Rw-r - r - 1 root wheel 5490 Jun 30 1997 Makefile.i386
-Rw-r - r - 1 root wheel 213 Aug 19 1995 devices.i386
-Rw-r - r - 1 root wheel 12627 Sep 15 1997 files.i386
-Rw-r - r - 1 root wheel 3882 Aug 17 1997 majors.i386
-Rw-r - r - 1 root wheel 2322 Oct 18 1997 options.i386
-Rw-r - r - 1 root wheel 5843 May 9 16:32 zzy

—- 3. Modify the core configuration file of the working copy
—- File zzy in “pseudo-device pty 16″ line, the line numbers in up to 16 specified core while allowing the establishment of
The Telnet connection can be modified according to requirements, the author according to the teaching needs to change the maximum 80.

—- 4. According to the revised working copy of the core configuration file to prepare the core of the source code generated

—- In preparation for generating the core source code, type the following command:

—- # Config zzy

—- On a command zzy as a working copy of the file name. After the command, called zzy directory (and as the work
To copy the same file name) will be in the directory / usr / src / sys / compile was created and saved in the directory, some generated
The core source code and make paper.

—- 5. Use the command “cd / usr / src / sys / compile / zzy” the directory / usr / src / sys / compile / zzy converted to the current directory

—- 6. Health into the new system, the core set

—- To generate a new key, you can console the following:

—- # Make

—- After the implementation of the command make in the directory / usr / src / sys / compile / zzy in which a file is created for the kernel, the file
Shall be the core of the new binary file.

—- 7. Kernel copy the file to the root directory as the system starts with the core

—- Copy operation can be completed by the following operations:

—- # Cp kernel /

—- After the restart the machine, then the core of FreeBSD customized using the new core, which allows at the same time as many as 80 of the
Telnet connection (or other custom specified when the core values).

—- Also a few points should be pointed out:

—- 1. Where the maximum number of connections required Telnet is not the biggest number of users, the maximum number of users from the configuration file maxuser line
The number of values specified.

—- 2. In general, the core also accept up to 256 specify the Telnet connection requests.

—- 3. With the specified maximum number of Telnet connections increases, the system's swap space should be increased accordingly. In the document's use of the environment
, Each increase of 1 real Telnet connection, need to swap space to increase 7 ~ 8MB.

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IPS detection and prevention simultaneously

With vulnerabilities continue to be discovered, enterprise network security threats facing more and more complicated. But despite these attacks can bypass traditional firewalls, set in the network perimeter or internal network intrusion prevention system (IPS) can still effectively prevent these attacks, for those who did not add the patch or provide protection for poorly configured servers.

While intrusion detection systems (IDS) can monitor network traffic and alert, but it does not block attacks. The IPS is able to carefully check all data packets, and immediately determine whether to authorize or prohibit access. IPS has some filters that can prevent the system on various types of vulnerability to attack. When a new vulnerability was discovered, IPS will create a new filter, and incorporated under the jurisdiction of their own to test any of these vulnerabilities malicious attack attempt will be blocked immediately.

If an attacker using Layer 2 (MAC) to Layer 7 (application) of the weaknesses of intrusion, IPS can detect from the data stream and stop these attacks. Traditional firewalls can only Layer 3 or Layer 4 inspection, but can not detect the application layer content.

IPS packet processing engine is a professional custom integrated circuits, you can check each packet in a byte. In contrast, the firewall's packet filtering technology does not check for each byte and, therefore, can not find attacks. IPS device using filters on the data stream to inspect the entire contents. All data packets have been classified, each filter is responsible for analyzing the corresponding packets. Only by examining the packets can move on. Classification is based on packet header information, such as source IP address and destination IP address, port number and applications domain.

Each filter contains a set of rules, only to meet these rules will be recognized as packets do not contain malicious content. In order to ensure the accuracy of these rules is very broadly defined. Classify content in the transmission, the engine must refer to the information packet parameters, and their resolve to carry out a meaningful context of the domain. For example, in dealing with buffer overflow attacks, the engine gives an application layer in the buffer parameter, and then evaluate the characteristics used to detect the existence of attacks. In order to prevent the attack to reach targeted, in a data stream is identified as a malicious attack, is the data flow of all data packets will be discarded.

Detect weaknesses in the different mining system attacks, IPS require different filters. Some of the known characteristics of the attack or by attempts to match the form of filters to detect. As for other attacks such as buffer overflow attacks, IPS needs more complex filters. This complex filters can be used protocols and application-level decoder to set the rules. For “network clean” and “packet overflow” attacks such as multi-stream, IPS will need to filter the collection of statistical information to detect anomalies.

Filter engine combines water and large-scale parallel processing hardware, can also handle thousands of data packet filter inspection. Parallel processing ensures that packet filters can be continuously and as quickly through the system, not on the speed of impact. This hardware acceleration technology for the IPS is important, because the traditional software solutions must check one by one filter will result in greatly reduced system performance.

As a transparent device, intrusion prevention system is part of the network connection. In order to prevent the IPS as the weak link in the network performance, IPS needs to have excellent in redundancy and failover mechanisms, so that you can ensure that the network Zai failure can still be normal Yun Xing. In addition to being defensive front, IPS or network cleaning tool that can eliminate malformed packets and non-mission critical applications, so network bandwidth is protected. For example, IPS can block peer file sharing applications, the illegal transfer of copyright files.

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Bill Gates fade private enterprises Can learn from China

But one of the most outstanding enterprises have the most low-key leader, this may be a natural.

2002 Beijing International Exhibition on Telecom, Huawei CEO Ren Zhengfei is received before the client's booth. An older man came over and asked him, Huawei CEO Ren Zhengfei has not come? Ren Zhengfei ask, you ask him do you need? The man answered, and do nothing, just wanted to see who can lead the legend of Huawei reached what today is like. Ren Zhengfei said that it is not coincidence that he did not come today, but I would definitely put you meant to convey to him.

Ren Zhengfei haunt of many mysterious stories. Huawei was to act disoriented in for a lap card, only to find himself seated with a hand actually is Ren Zhengfei, and quickly looked around, he died trace not seen. Some people travel to the United States in the plane with a pleasant old man have something to talk all the way, and afterwards was told that Ren Zhengfei, regret not cope. The Romance of the number of components of the story of a little note, too many people want to know Ren Zhengfei, but real people who know too little Ren Zhengfei.

Hidden and not hidden

Ren Zhengfei face in public sight, is the matter since 1998. Huawei in 1998 to more than 80 billion annual turnover at the prestigious ranks of communications equipment made four giant “great China” s first, the momentum is fierce. The head of Huawei Ren Zhengfei has not added to the star from the ranks of entrepreneurs, but for various interviews, meetings, selection for fear to avoid any direct benefit to Huawei's image and even publicize the activities of the government's activities were never refused, and to Huawei's high command, under the dead: Unless key customers or partners, all other activities of discussion, who is lobbying whom I will withdraw the post! Huawei this permeates the whole, all with almost instinctive closed and defensive attitude to face the outside world.

The past two years, Huawei has loosened the barriers, to open foreign markets for the needs of close ties with the foreign media, and national media exposure is also a lot of flexibility, Huawei began to care of some high-level appearance. The only ban is not lifted and there is no sign, is Ren Zhengfei himself.

And the other for various reasons to maintain a certain level of “low key” compared to entrepreneurs, Ren Zhengfei disappear completely, to avoid the harsh, at others seems almost deliberately. Ren Zhengfei was asked by a friend, Ren Zhengfei step back or retire, it may be an appropriate way to sum up his many years of business experience? The answer is: not, and never!

However, it does not reveal the true colors of Zhengfei fling with many eager entrepreneurs simply can not hold a candle to the impact. This regard is based on industry and international market, Huawei's strength and influence is based, but also seemingly bewildering Ren Zhengfei I actually caused a clear, personal image. Often crucial to the development of Huawei, Ren Zhengfei that is timely and threw out the “red flag whether Huawei can play long”, “Huawei's winter” and filled with a sense of mission and sense of the article, the article or speech, not only in the internal circulation of Huawei, in the peer and the whole business is spread far, Thousands read, some people can even recite a large section of the essence of some of the article. At the same time, “My Father and Mother,” this article has demonstrated Zhengfei reason and passion behind the emotional side.

So “quotation” may not have as Ren Zhengfei deliberately, but occasionally manifested themselves, the way has repeatedly succeeded in strengthening his sense of place. Huawei's peers have not so without envy to guess, Ren Zhengfei strategies to display their influence is indeed profound.

Ren Zhengfei to do so to send someone down to Huawei are for the industry and enterprise customers, vendors do not like the end product as “sacrifice” to do high-level image in public. Ren Zhengfei the company often say: “We are not a public company, there is no disclosure of internal information to the public duty, as long as the Government, on business for Jiu standards.” Even outside the timid You Ge Zhong Yin Huawei or positive or negative speculation, Huawei also never the opportunity for outsiders to satisfy curiosity.

There is a saying within Huawei, Ren boss mettle upright, speak Taichong, not a good two-way communication, and this is related to the public and Huawei Ren Zhengfei I let him come forward as much as possible to avoid one of the reasons. Vice mayor of Tianjin has had the time to visit Huawei Ren Zhengfei for advice: “To help business development, you think the government should do?” Ren Zhengfei answer to here by surprise: “The Government of the enterprise and the biggest benefit is to do nothing as long as the road was built the city, parks and roads next to the flowers kind of good, which is the largest enterprise to help! “

Ren Zhengfei has been so offended important clients. Time to visit the then SARFT leadership, ranging from leading open, Ren Zhengfei I start the torrent as the advantages of Huawei products. Leadership impatient, had to interrupt him: “You Huawei's products are all first, not second!” Atmosphere of the talks so embarrassing. Ren Zhengfei know they difficult to change, he often said in the company, such as Huawei listing, he can no longer CEO, and if he will make a statement loudly, like a roller coaster stock, like Huawei and down, who can stand it!

In addition, Ren Zhengfei in “My Father and Mother” article concluded: “Because of family reasons, the Cultural Revolution, no matter how hard I tried, all meritorious service, alumni opportunities to all and I missed. In my leadership of the collective, the soldiers stand 3 so successful, second class, ???????? almost every year a large number of emission, the only leader I have never received this award. I have got used to the quiet life I should not award, which trained me not to honor war psychological qualities. “

Huawei has increasingly become the focus of public attention, Huawei's chief insists on only the public to see his silhouette, it is only because of these reasons?

Political orientation

And Ren Zhengfei off contemporary entrepreneurs do not have a political background, even though they have nothing to do with politics work, but their background and having first thought and politics have a great relationship. Ren Zhengfei's youth during the Cultural Revolution of the storm is spent, he later recalled: “Cultural Revolution, the country is a disaster, but for us was a baptism of life. Cultural Revolution made me mature in politics, is no longer a mere bookworm. “

In 1996, when he was deputy director of the State Science Commission's Zhu to visit Huawei, and Ren Zhengfei other high-level communication. After Zhu commented on other occasions, Ren Zhengfei is an entrepreneur, not politicians. However, after this evaluation Ren Zhengfei heard in private, said: “Actually I'm a politician.”

Ren Zhengfei has such a strong political self-positioning, the Cultural Revolution began in baptism and life experiences, mature in the later self to attend and utilized. In addition to learning science and technology and culture, the Ren Zhengfei great emphasis on political learning, familiar with the “capital” and other works, while reading the most or that the four “Selected Works of Mao Zedong.” From Ren Zhengfei articles and speeches written by some of the title such as “the current situation and our tasks,” “hope in you” in Mao Zedong Thought is easy to feel the tremendous force of his.

Ren Zhengfei from that thinking and understanding in recent years been out of his hair-style “one divides into two, black and white” instead of focusing. Businesses flooded with complicated contradictions and paradoxes, philosophical split into two simply can not cope. Zhengfei proposed the so-called “gray” concept, gray is black and white, between the zone with non-gray is not the meaning of extremes, based on the change in succession, on the basis of stability and innovation in upholding the principles and appropriate flexibility in dealing with the various contradictions and enterprise paradox. And the early years, compared to sports management company, Huawei Ren Zhengfei shape in recent years is the practice of his new philosophy, his political mind and thinking are thus more enjoyable and fulfilling.

Ren Zhengfei upright disposition does not affect the overall political thinking will be applied to business operations. Some practices from the Ren Zhengfei, is not difficult to appreciate that in reality and in his practical business wisdom. A few years ago, the Shenzhen Huawei should spread out the news headquarters to Shanghai, then Shanghai mayor, who met with Ren Zhengfei, it is said also to a variety of preferential policies. Shenzhen Municipal Government, under intense quickly promised more preferential policies, the one after one to Huawei's headquarters in Shenzhen, while Shanghai has approved the land down, Huawei successfully opened Shanghai office.

Sometimes, Ren Zhengfei political minds will make those who “know the business” and confusing. In 2004, a reporter chance to see Ren Zhengfei, asked him Huawei's future development priorities. Ren Zhengfei replied: “We can not tell what key. How the future development, we are all groggy.” Huawei's questioning focused on the future development of the domestic or overseas, he said: “No, I really do not know to which our future direction. “this hit count where the gambler mentality where journalists were puzzled, some management scholars even infer Huawei strategically may really a problem, prospects look bleak. Ren Zhengfei followed a more surprising to say the words to reporters: “We are now very difficult to do business, if we open a restaurant is like, and gross margin will be higher.”

Open a restaurant gross margins may be high, but the scale is very difficult to go up, if the scale is up, and gross margin to be down naturally, Ren Zhengfei not naive to not know whether it is Microsoft, Intel's gross profit margin high, or McDonald's, KFC's gross profit margin high. He has not really clear focus on the future development of Huawei, but that is not necessary to disclose. Ren Zhengfei to reporters that oolong, more to say to the government to listen, wants the state in the formulation of telecommunications policy orientation and equipment purchases into consideration.

Politicians, the bottom line is safety, the supreme goal of life-long pursuit, and in fact it is safe. Ren Zhengfei not a politician, but as a profound political orientation of the entrepreneur, he has been pursuing the enterprise's security as the highest goal. He has a firmly believe in the rule that “wood show in the wind will destroy the forest.”

Enterprises to become “stands out” is the entrepreneur's dream, but entrepreneurs must not be too blatantly and insolent. Huawei is still relatively small when the time, Ren Zhengfei Chutoulumian, not garish, but also bring business benefits for enterprises. But with China's Huawei to become a leader in business and began to contend with the international powers, Huawei subtle things, and a variety of voices, a variety of purposes, the more, and one day collapsed fears are not unfounded.

Relative to the individual today is worship, he hopes to expression of the longstanding business value of their own. This is actually Zhengfei life and business are two values for a uniform

The best way to protect yourself is not exposed, although this would be a lot of losses, was able to avoid the risks of more unpredictable. Internal options such as Huawei is a controversial issue of the outside world, but Huawei is that if the rules had set up in accordance with internationally accepted system of equity, or simply impossible to implement, or you can only get a small amount of equity available for distribution. In the non-standard under the existing system, use of alternative methods to build their own stock system at the external environment changes according to continuous improvement, and careful never Foreign Jieshichengqing not invited heavy criticism, Huawei's road down only gradually standardize them . All kinds of twists and turns in the process of growth and development are difficult for outsiders.

Excellent business if growth process can be summed up experiences and lessons, not only a reference for other enterprises, enterprise groups in China is also an asset. However, Huawei has stubbornly resisted any attempt to do so, the relevant government departments made more than once Huawei can share their experiences out about Huawei's response was: corporate personality is more important than common, there is no reference to value, IBM to January 23 to tell us that we can become IBM? Moreover, Huawei is not IBM, has not done so well. In fact, before the school Huawei IBM, Samsung, after school, learning a lot of business, so exclusion of the “typical” This flattery, or from “good deed goes unpunished.”

The past two years, Ren Zhengfei appeared less at home, he spent a lot of time each year traveling the world, in all developed markets and developing markets looking for opportunities in the communications equipment among the international powers, vertical and horizontal alliances, find the strength and resources available. Deeply understood, while Western-style rule, Ren Zhengfei oriental wisdom, there has been testing and playing opportunities.

Huawei's heritage

If only the Zhengfei declined to be attributed to the reputation of his mature, with a deep understanding of and too simple. Ren Zhengfei personal ups and downs do not intend to persist in, shift the company's ups and downs as Jiuding. In other words, relative to the individual today is worship, he hopes to expression of the longstanding business value of their own. Because individuals leading the trend at most a few years, companies may be a century or even longer in existence continue. Ren Zhengfei imitated from his many years of IBM and other established businesses who, clearly saw this.

Ren Zhengfei Taichetaiwu of vulgarity is not the person, their backs to the audience left to their own values rooted in Huawei, evergreen dreams, this is actually Zhengfei life and business are two values for a uniform.

In some occasions, repeatedly praised the Warring States Period, Bing Ren Zhengfei construction of the Dujiangyan project. 2000 years ago still benefit the people of Dujiangyan, indeed bring benefit to the future, power forward from generation to generation. We may wish to have a large chest of Dujiangyan as Zhengfei aspirations of metaphor, he would like Huawei molded into masterpieces for Dujiangyan, Huawei Ren Zhengfei handed down is that he's handed down.

To Huawei as a true world-class enterprises, but also to continue to operate world-class companies, Ren Zhengfei probably already aware that it is impossible to do in the short term. Even the goal of his term of office can not even lifetimes, even generations must be by the next generation of leaders Relay completed. After all, the life must go beyond the life of entrepreneurs, and business entrepreneurs in the life of another must depend on the smooth continuation of the turnover and stability to continue.

Private business leaders and updating difficult is an old question, entrepreneurs, corporate life is equivalent to life, Chinese private enterprises have been on a step not in the past this Kaner. In this issue, the wise and more surgery could get their big wise little head. Leaders of private enterprises to solve business problems life, not only to their own consciousness, and must reform their own lives, this is not ordinary persons can do. How many sitting on the absolute power and expansion of the entrepreneurs I, smart, eventually losing his. Hard to say Zhengfei thoroughly beyond the fame and fortune, see the future, but he is still in his mind A clear weakness when try to overcome human nature and strive to make all the arrangements can be said has great wisdom.

In 1998, Ren Zhengfei buy back more than 100 from abroad, the Taiwanese version of “recyclable macro”, distributed to all high-level study of Huawei. He let his subordinates to learn not only the success of the macro international experience, but also learn how to train people Shih, sustained long-term protection of business development. Ren Zhengfei hope that he retired after the Huawei can also step down as the end of 2004 after the macro Shih as flat among the stable continuation.

With increasing age, and energy Zhengfei recession, he arranged for the body to do more and more obvious retreat. From about 2000, had in-house is a typical “tyrant” of Ren Zhengfei temper gradually changed, both internal and external are increasingly modest. He began to control the fat in front of subordinates Thunder Wrath of the frequency and extent of relief to the people around to bring their own stresses and strains. Time to go as far as possible every week to do physical therapy health centers, the people emerged taste a little of self-cultivation. Huawei some of the high-level feel, Ren Zhengfei is his intention to shrink the scope of radiation in the company, he would personally play down their own brand of Huawei imprint.

Ren Zhengfei to “corporate life must go beyond awareness of entrepreneurs of life”, it is not simply to find a competent successor, he should do is from the system, culture, public opinion on the overall arrangements to proceed carefully, clearing all possible roadblocks , in their own retire gradually, gradually took over the new team to achieve the smooth transition of the replacement business quietly.

Continue to serve the team for the future can Yade Zhu position, ability to correctly judge the situation concerns enterprises, which of course still have not crossed a threshold. But Ren Zhengfei to change is tied to business success or failure of a person's status, so continue to serve even those who have a strong lead character, there is still a team, and there will be institutional arrangements to solve the decision-making mechanism, to maximize risk-averse.

Individual's “political positioning” and a profound understanding of the law of business development, in recent years we only see the shadow Ren Zhengfei. This is difficult to fully dialysis in the public mind “gray” and may never come out for the general public about their true thoughts. However, Huawei is the Ren Zhengfei, Ren Zhengfei is Huawei. Today, Huawei to visit often to ask high-level reception: “chief in the company?”

They are often the answer is: “the total absence of any, but the company running as well.”

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HTML language is a tool to create web pages, it appears from the developed to standardize the continuous improvement and more powerful. But there are still flaws and shortcomings, people still continued to improve it, make it more easy to control and have flexibility to adapt to changing network applications. The end of 2000, the International W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) organization issued a public version of XHTML 1.0, XHTML and HTML, XML any different from what it added new features to an initial understanding of today, let's look at XHTML.

XHTML 1.0 is a basis in the HTML 4.0 Optimization and improvement of the new language, aimed at XML-based applications. XHTML is an increased of HTML, its scalability and flexibility to accommodate future network applications demand more. The following are W3C's HTML Working Group Chairman Steven Pemberton answer basic questions about the common XHTML.

Q: What is XHTML?

A: XHTML is an XML and reinvented to adapt to the HTML. As XML is increasingly becoming a trend, the question arises: if we have the XML, we still need HTML? To answer this question, in May 1998 we had two days in San Francisco Kai's working meeting The conclusion is: Yes. We still need to use HTML. Because a lot of people have been accustomed to using HTML as their language, and has hundreds of millions of pages are written using HTML.

Q: Why is HTML 4.0 XHTML 1.0 is relatively independent development?

Answer: not the case. XHTML is HTML 4.0 is precisely the re-organization, (the exact it is HTML 4.01, is a modified version of HTML 4.0, XHTML 1.0 is just to name the issue.) XML in their interpretation will be some necessary differences, but others On the one hand, they are still very similar, we can work as XHTML is HTML 4.0 based on continuity.

Q: XHTML 1.0 How XML standards?

A: XHTML is a XML application. It uses XML, DTD file format definition, and run the system in support of XML. Here thanks to XML, Namespaces functionality, browser makers do not need to create a new private labels (tags), they only need to include in the XHTML code in XML code fragments, XHTML or XML code in the code fragment contains.

Q: XHTML 1.0 The main strengths?

Answer: XML is a web development trends, so people eager to join the trend of XML. Use XHTML 1.0, as long as you carefully follow some simple rules, you can design a system both for XML, but also most of the HTML for the current browser page. This means is that you can use immediately design XML, without having to wait until people are used to support XML browser. The guidelines allow web smooth transition to XML.

Another advantage of using XHTML is: it is very tight. The current network situation shocking bad HTML, the early HTML browser to accept private label, so people in page design must be used after the detection of a variety of browser pages to see if compatible, there are many unexplained differences People have to modify the design to adapt to a different browser.

Using XML we can re-establish the system of joint use of the browser manufacturers, “a strict standard error defense”, if the XML code is not compatible, the browser refused to display the page, so the design must be revised before the release of each error.

Q: Using XHTML, and HTML page designers will face the same browser compatibility problem?

A: I hope not. “Stringent standard error defense” will help the browser to respond to the same code, XML's namespaces feature allows you to increase your own new label without requiring special browser support. Now we need to be assured of is that: all browser developers to fully comply with our agreement and the development of CSS. Write to your browser manufacturer, told the CSS specification you need, you can even detect if the browser is to follow your design.

Q: XHTML is very difficult to learn?

A: Not at all!

Q: Who can design using XHTML 1.0?

A: Because XHTML is very simple and easy to implement, so any people who will use the HTML can be easy to use XHTML. When using the XML browser on it increasingly more and more work will be recommended to use XML, then Hussein may have to use XHTML.

Q: When XHTML Web site popular?

A: Good question. I've seen some sites built using XHTML, even in XHTML 1.0 release before. I believe it will be a big development, because it is too easy.

Q: How do we convert existing HTMl XHTML?

A: Very simple, because they are very similar. In the W3C (www.w3c.org) site has an open source code (open-source) software called HTML Tidy, can help you direct conversion.

Q: XHTML What about the future?

A: XHTML1.0 just the first step in this new HTML language. The new version will not have backwards compatibility with older browsers constraints, can have more space for development.

First, we will conduct a thorough cleaning, remove the HTML 4.0 elements are not compatible.

Secondly, we will XHTML modular, allowing people to use XHTML in XML application module (such as tables), to reduce duplication of development. Also allows developers to design special purpose, such as telephony applications, so long as belonging to a subset of XHTML can be compatible, people can create their own HTML.

Finally, in addressing the demand side, we will develop more of the form (Forms) feature that allows the client to perform more testing, to reduce the client - server network information transmission. In short, the more exciting features will be realized.

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The author currently exist for the more serious vulnerabilities, security monitoring abnormal attacks eight high-risk events, the corresponding solutions to ensure that the intrusion detection system (IDS) to better play.

1. Microsoft Windows Messenger Service Remote Heap Overflow Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows XP, Windows NT, Windows ME, Windows 9X, Windows 2000, Windows 2003, etc. Almost all Windows operating systems are affected by this vulnerability. Windows Messenger service for server and client send each other a number of short messages. Microsoft Windows Messenger Service heap overflow issue exists, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to system privileges on the target machine to execute arbitrary commands. Problems exist in the Messenger service program search-by-name function, the attacker to submit a specific sequence of strings to this function may cause heap overflow, well-constructed data may be submitted to the system privileges on the target machine to execute arbitrary commands. Submitted through the NetBIOS or RPC message to the messaging service, so you can close NETBIOS ports (137-139) and the use of UDP broadcast packet filtering firewall to block such messages.

Proposal

Temporary Solution: If you can not immediately install patches or upgrades, recommends the following measures to reduce the threat:

??firewall or personal firewall at the border can not be trusted host access on the Prohibition of NETBIOS, and RPC ports 135,137,139 (TCP / UDP);

??Disable the Messenger service. Open the “Start” (or open the “Settings”) Click “Control Panel”, then double-click “Administrative Tools”, double-click “Services”, locate and double-click “Messenger”, in the “Startup Type” drop-down box choose “has been Disable “, then click” Stop “, then click” OK. “

Permanent solution: play system security bulletin MS03-043 patch.

2. Windows Exchange Server Remote Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows NT will be affected by this vulnerability. Microsoft Exchange Server is a Microsoft developed the mail service program. Exchange Server 2.5 and 2000 requests for malicious verb lack of adequate processing, remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to Exchange Server process privileges to execute arbitrary commands on the system. Exchange Server 5.5???Internet???????????????????????????????????xchange Server??MTP??????????????????verb???????????????????????????Internet??????????????????????????xchange 2000 Server?????????????????????????????xchange Server 5.5???????°??????????????????????????????xchange Server???????????????????????br />
Proposal

???????????br />
????MTP?????????SMTP????????br />
?????????????MTP??????

?????????????MTP???????????MTP AUTH?????????????????????

????????????????????br />
3. Microsoft MSN Messenger????????????

Microsoft MSN Messenger Service???????????? MSN Messenger???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????MSN Messenger??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Proposal

???????????????????????????7007??008????????????

?????????????????????MS04-010?????????

4. Windows Help??upport Center??????????????br />
Windows XP??indows 2000??indows 2003??indows NT????????????

Proposal

??????????????CP????????????HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTHCP????????????HCP?????????

???????????????MS03-044????????????

5. Netscreen???????????????

NetScreen ScreenOS????????????Netscreen?????????????????????????????????????????etscreen???SSH1 CRC32????????????????????????????????????????????etscreen?????SH??etscreen????????????SSH?????????GUI???????????SH???????????????????????????????????????????????????/?????????Netscreen????????SH??????????????????????????????ssh1??????????????????????????????????????????deattack.c??????detect_attack()??????????????6???????????????32??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????oot??????????????RC32?????????????????????????????????????????????????????etscreen?????????????????????CRC32???????????????CRC32??????????????????????°?

Proposal

?????????????????????SSH????????????

????????????????????????????????????

6. Microsoft Windows NtSystemDebugControl()???API????????????

Microsoft Windows XP SP1??indows 2003????????????Microsoft Windows?????????API?????????????????????????????????????????wSystemDebugControl()??tdll.dll????????indows?????????NtSystemDebugControl()?????????ring 0????????????SeDebugPrivilege????????????????????????????????br />
Proposal

?????????????????????/?????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????

7. Microsoft IIS HTTP?????????????????br />
Windows 2000??indows XP??indows NT4.0??IS4.0/5.0????????????IIS??nternet Information Server???Microsoft Windows???????????eb????????? IIS 4.0/5.0/5.1?????TTP???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????°?IIS????????TTP????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????IS??????HTTP?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????IIS?????????????????IS????????????IIS????????TTP?????????????????????????????????????????????????????IS??????????????SP ISAPI????????????????????????IIS????????IS 5.0/5.1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????IIS 4.0???????????????SYSTEM????????IS 5.0/5.1???????????WAM_computername?????????

Proposal

???????????br />
?????????????SP???????????????.asp??????????????nternet ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? WWW ???????????????????????????????????asp?????????????????IIS?????br />
?????????????????????????RLScan?????????????????????????????RLScan????????RL??????ASCII???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????br />
???????????????????????S02-018?????????

8. Windows???????????????????????br />
Microsoft Windows Media Player 7.1??indows Media Player XP??indows XP??indows NT??indows 98??indows ME??????????????????

Windows??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????nternet Explorer???MIME??????application/x-ms-wmz???????????????/layout????????????wmplayer.exe??????????????????URL???????????edia Player????????????????????????Internet???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Media Player????????????????????????URL?????EX?????????????????????????????RL?????????????????????????????????????????????.WMZ??????Media Player???????????????????????????????????????Content-disposition HTTP???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????TML???EMAIL??????????????????????????????

Proposal

???????????utlook Express 6.0??utlook 2002????????????????????TML????????utlook 98??000???????????utlook E-mail?????????????????br />
???????????????????????S03-017?????????

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video format

Merry MP3 CDA ID3 to RA Copier

convert 3gp to wmv